Now I want to write you a few words about what is a scientific theory.
The purpose of each science is to reach the information of the object to which it is directed to explain. Sciences are considered as systematic information wholes.
However, it is not a simple process for sciences to obtain the information of the objects they are talking about. The sciences examine the objects or reality they are trying to access because of certain models. These models help scientists understand and explain the object that is being accessed.
In addition, even in sciences oriented towards the same field of objects, there are approaches and scientists who accept reality differently due to different models. Theories offer scientists, scientific models. Thus, the theory is closely related to the production of knowledge and knowledge. In general, the following definitions have been made for theory.
In general, the following definitions have been made for scientific theory
- - Inclusive vision, which is the product of understanding things in their universal and ideal relationship with each other, based on facts;
- - Abstract, general and explanatory principle that develops a systematic view of a part or all of its subjects within a scientific information system;
- - Hypothesis or interpretation that is considered correct, in which preliminary statements are made about phenomena that express regularity in nature or society and explain phenomena on the basis of it;
- - Theory as explanation and interpretation of the world, which goes beyond what can be observed and measured, consists of a cluster of interconnected definitions and relationships that regulate concepts that allow a systematic understanding of the world of facts.
The
first
function
of
a
theory
is
to
try
to
explain
or
take
into
account
a
particular
phenomenon
in
the
context
of
some
other
phenomena
that
are
considered
explanatory.
This
effort
is
a
descriptive
function
that
separates
theory
from
relevant
but
non-descriptive
concepts.
The
theory
is
attributed
to
a
role
that
guides
and
limits
scientists
in
accessing
information.
By
classifying,
limiting,
and
creating
abstract
sequences
of
information,
theory
helps
scientists
to
determine
different
dimensions
of
the
relationship
between
two
or
more
concepts
that
are
supposed
to
be
related.
In
this
sense,
it
is
possible
to
say
that
the
theory
is
a
general
header
system
based
on
access
to
information
and
research.
The
knowledge
obtained
by
the
research
guided
by
a
theory
again
returns
to
the
theory
or
contributes.
Many
topics
such
as
how
to
define
which
concepts,
which
hypotheses
will
be
created
7,
which
methods
and
techniques
to
use,
how
to
classify
and
interpret
the
data
obtained,
show
that
the
researcher
has
returned
to
theory
based
on
theory.
In
other
words,
the
findings
and
information
obtained
from
a
study
based
on
theory
again
contribute
to
the
theory.
Of
course,
there
is
a
risk
that
this
whole
process
will
be
perceived
as
a
vicious
circle
in which the
theory
itself
is
confirmed
by
research
and
does
not
change.
However,
researches
based
on
theory
and
theory
and
the
data
obtained
from
these
researches
also
have
the
functions
of
transforming
theory
and
creating
theories
by
making
new
contributions.
To
be
noted,
it
is
clear
that
theories
are
abstractions since
the
definition
and
classification
of
concepts
have
some
acceptances
or
generalizations
about
the
field
of
reality
to
which
it
is
oriented.
What are the differences that distinguish a theory from a thought system or ideology?
According
to
Richter,
it
is
not
easy
to
clarify
the
differences
between
theories,
thought
systems,
models,
and
ideologies.
This
situation
is
even
more
complicated,
especially
in
terms
of
disciplines
oriented
towards
social
reality.
Marxism
is
both
an
ideology
of
politics
and
economics,
and
a
confrontational
and
macroeconomic
theory
approach.
Despite
some
transitive
situations
and
complex
appearances,
Richter
still
finds
it
reasonable
to
expect
scientists
to
explain
what
they
are
doing
and
why
they
are
doing
it
in
that
way
and
not
in
any
other
way.
When
considering
natural
sciences
and
social
sciences,
it
is
possible
to
detect
some
ontological
differences
between
the
natural
reality
that
natural
sciences
tend
to
explain
and
the
social
reality
that
social
sciences
are
oriented
towards.
Natural
reality
is
a
factual
reality
that
operates
outside
of
humans,
unlike
the
social
and
cultural
reality
that
people
produce,
depending
on
recurrent
events
in
a
certain
order.
Social
reality,
by
contrast,
cannot
be
described
as
clearly
as a natural
reality.
Even
if
there
are
certain
regularities
in
social
reality,
change
and
conflict
are
also
important
elements
of
social
reality.
In
addition,
social
reality
is
changing
through
history
and
is
produced
due
to
interpersonal
relations.
The
interaction
between
people
that
goes
on
and
produces
culture
takes
place
within
the
context
of
social
reality.
In
this
process
of
interaction,
people
act
as
beings
that
can
interpret
both
incoming
alerts
and
their
own
reactions,
beyond
being obligatory
responders
to
stimuli
sent
to
them.
Unlike
natural
sciences
such
as
physics,
chemistry,
or
biology,
social
sciences
have
a
very
complex
and
systematic
field
of
analysis
8.
This
makes
the
issue
of
theory
a
subject
worthy
of
attention
for
social
sciences.
One
of
the
important
differences
between
natural
reality
and
social
reality
is
that
social
reality
has
a
structure
that
both
produces
people
and
is
produced
by
people.
In
other
words,
of
all
beings,
only
man
lives
in
a
different
realm,
where
he
is
the
producer,
separate
from
natural
reality.
This
relationship
is
the
dialectic
relationship
between
man
and
social
reality.
Social
reality
is
one
of
the
mandatory
conditions
for
people
to
live
as
social
beings.
Especially
in
the
early
stages
of
the
socialization
process,
people
internalize
the
beliefs,
values,
and
norms
that
perpetuate
social
reality.
At
the
same
time,
in
order
to
ensure
the
continuity
of
social
reality
within
its
own
reality,
people
need
to
realize
those
internalized
beliefs,
values,
and
norms
in
practice.
Thus,
social
reality
exists
in
a
different
style
than
the
predictable
and formula-label legal
functioning
structure
of
natural
reality.
This
makes
the
subject
of
theory
even
more
complex
and
difficult
in
terms
of
a
scientific
discipline
on
social
reality.
No comments:
Post a Comment