What is Sociological Theory? I'll give you some information about what social theory is. Let's find out what social theory is.
Sociology is a social science that examines the elements that produce social reality in the context of social reality. Sociologists who are engaged in sociology and trying to access the knowledge of the social reality they are interested in do not have the opportunity to directly examine and investigate the social reality and its elements in their own way. Sociologists who try to access the knowledge of social reality try to explain the events and facts that take place within social reality from within certain models and acceptances.
- Can social reality be explained by emphasizing the differences of the people living in society; or their similarities?
- Is social reality a regularity or a conflict?
- (Is it necessary to focus on macro organizations such as institutions produced by people to explain social reality; or on the interactions and behaviors of individuals?
It is possible to increase questions similar to the above. In order to answer all these questions, sociologists need to have some acceptance of social reality. Because research on social reality and the information to be obtained from these researches should focus on a basis.
This basis is theory.
The
sociologist
approaches
an
issue
within
social
reality
with
his
theoretical
acceptances
and
tries
to
reach
the
information
of
the
subject
he
is
heading
to.
Therefore,
theory
can
also
be
seen
as
a
precondition
for
the
sociologist
to
turn
to
social
reality.
In
general
terms,
sociology
theory
can
be
defined
as
a
set
of
interconnected
ideas
that
make
information
about
the
social
world
explain
and
predict,
systematically.
Abend (2008:177-18) grouped the different theoretical approaches used throughout the history of sociology into seven categories:
- The theory was considered a general proposition or a system based on a consistent union of general propositions that formed the relationships between two or more variables.
- The theory is the explanation of a particular social phenomenon.
- The main purpose of a theory is to be able to say something about the observable phenomena of the social world.
- Some derivatives of theory and theory are based on the work of sociologists and their audiences such as Marks, Durkheim, Weber, Simmel, Parsons, Habermas, or Bourdieu.
- A theory is "Weltanschauung" (worldview) as a general perspective that allows the adopter to perceive and interpret the world.
- The authors of the dictionary have determined that the term theory means to look, observe, see and design by following the etymological traces. The connotations of these meanings include the meanings of impartiality, viewership, foresight, and opinion.
- Many sociologists have written about "micro-macro", "structure and intermediary" or "social order" in relation to theory.
Robert Merton (1945:463) found that the literature of "sociological theory" was covered in connection with the following topics:
- Methodology
- General sociological trends
- Analysis of sociological concepts
- Sociological comments after the incident
- Generalizations based on observation in sociology
- Sociological theory
Merton's
above
analysis
drew
attention
to
the
issues
that
usually
contribute
to
sociology
theories.
At
the
same
time,
each
of
these
issues
is
handled
differently
according
to
the
theory
discussions.
A
theoretical
acceptance
also
determines
the
methodology
in
its
own
way.
According
to
the
underlying
theory,
the
topics
of
interest
in
sociology
and
the
concepts
discussed
also
change.
Many
sociological
interpretations
of
a
social
event
can
be
made.
Theoretically,
sociologists
who
interpret
the
event
from
different
places
can
relate
to
each
other
in
other
ways.
Generalizations
based
on
empiric
data
and
the
differentiation
of
theories
are
also
closely
related
to
each
other.
As
in
other
sciences,
there
are
traditions
of
theories
in
sociology.
In
other
words,
theories
in
sociology
have
emerged
as
a
continuation
of
the
sociological
knowledge
and
theories
produced
in
the
past,
or
as
the
product
of reckoning
with
them.
In
addition,
the
change
of
societies
and
the
differentiation
of
the
relationship
between
sociology
and
society
lead
to
the
formation
of
new
sociology
theories
or
the
reorganization
of
existing
sociology
theories.
In
the
late
nineteenth
century
and
in
the
first
half
of
the
twentieth
century,
Karl Marks,
Emilé
Durkheim,
Max
Weber,
and
Georg
Simmel,
who
made
important
contributions
to
the
institutionalization
of
sociology
as
a
scientific
discipline
with
their
ideas
and
works,
left
an
important
theoretical
legacy
to
the
sociologists
who
came
after
them.
At
the
same
time,
it
should
be
noted
that the
founding
fathers
of
sociology
and
therefore
the
sociological
theory
tradition
was influenced
by
the
thinkers
who
came
before
them,
the
historical
events
experienced,
the
structure
of
the
society
in
which
they
lived,
etc.
This
effect
is
reflected
in
the
tradition
of
sociological
theory
and
thought.
For
example,
in
order
to
understand
the
theoretical
contribution
of
Emilé
Durkheim,
it
will
not
be
enough
to
look
only
at
the
works
he
produced
or
the
ideas
he
came
up
with.
Because
in
order
to
understand
Durkheim,
who
made
one
of
the
most
serious
contributions
to
the
institutionalization
of
sociology
as
a
scientific
discipline,
the
ideas
of
Saint-Simon
and
Auguste
Comte,
who
strongly
expressed
the
idea
that
a
science
called
sociology
should
be
established
before
him,
the
effects
of
positivism
in
the
world
of
science
and
thought,
the
political
instability
that
continued
in
France
after
the
French
Revolution
and
similar
factors,
how
Durkheim
interpreted
these
issues
with
understanding. Must
also
be
detected.
This
also
applies
to
another
sociologist
who
lived
in
the
same
period
or
at
another
time.
Saint-Simon
and
Auguste
Comte,
who
could
be
considered
the
first
founders,
for
example,
claimed
that
a
new
science
should
be
created
that
tends
to
explain
the
industrial
society,
while
at
the
same
time
arguing
that
this
science
should
model
the
natural
sciences
that
discover
and
formulate
the
laws
of
functioning
in
nature.
So
much
so
that
these
two
founders
of
sociology
used
terms
such
as
"social
physiology"
and
"social
physics"
for
this
new
science.
Later,
Auguste
Comte
named
this
new
science
"sociology".
A
similar
situation
can
be
seen
in
Herbert
Spencer's
understanding
of
"Social
Darwinism",
which
is
influenced
by
biology.
Spencer
likened
society
to
an
organism
that
lived
with
its
institutions
and
subordinations,
using
the
analogy
of
an
organism
from
biology.
One
of
the
most
important
issues
that
contribute
to
the
development
of
sociology
as
a
science
is
the
issue
of
structural
difference
between
natural
reality
and
social
reality.
This
issue
is
also
noted
especially
as
an
issue
that
the
first
sociologists
or
the
founders
of
sociology
tried
to
overcome.
Is
it
possible
to
find
the
cause-and-effect
relationships
that
natural
sciences
detect
in the natural
order
and
theoretically
explain
in
social
reality?
Is
changing
societies
and
history
subject
to
a
legal
process?
Can
social
reality
be
considered
a
reality
that
exists
outside
of
social
people?
Is
it
possible
to
discuss
and
explain
the phenomena
in
nature
and
the
phenomena
in
society
in
scientifically
similar
styles?
It
can
be
determined
that
classical
sociologists
specifically
seek
the
conditions
of
sociology
being
a
science
and
being able
to
produce
theories
in
such
questions.
However,
it
is
clear
in
the
history
of
sociology
that
this
issue
cannot
be
clearly
resolved.
Different
answers
to
these
questions
contributed
to
the
emergence
of
classical
sociology
theories
and
the
institutionalization
of
sociology
as
a
social
science.
In
addition, the sociological
theory
has
developed
further
in
the
twentieth
century
with
the
contributions
of
more
diversified
schools
and
new
sociologists
from
these
schools.
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