Thursday, December 16, 2021
Who is Aristotle? What Are Their Views?
The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) made significant and lasting contributions to nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics. Though overshadowed in classical times by the work of his teacher Plato, from late antiquity through the Enlightenment, Aristotle’s surviving writings were incredibly influential. In Arabic philosophy, he was known simply as “The First Teacher”; in the West, he was “The Philosopher.” ....Who is Aristotle? What Are Their Views?
Who İs Wilhelm Wundt? What did Wilhelm Wundt contribution to psychology?
What Do You Say To A Child About Death? | Common Responses to Death at Different Ages
Kids will be presented to ailment and demise sooner or later in their young lives since death is a piece of the regular pattern of life. Indeed, even small kids who may not comprehend demise respond to lamenting guardians. More seasoned youngsters lament themselves. Likewise with all lamenting, time in the long run recuperates. Guardians need to help kids through the lamenting procedure to assist them with continuing their lives.
Comprehension of Death Depends on Age and Development
At different formative levels, kids have an alternate comprehension of the absolution of death. Your way to deal with talking about death will rely upon your youngster's degree of comprehension of 4 principle ideas of death:
- Irreversibility (i.e., demise is lasting)
- Absolution (i.e., every single working stop with death)
- Certainty (i.e., demise is widespread for every single living thing)
- Causality (i.e., reasons for death)
Kids' absence of comprehension of these thoughts influences their capacity to process what occurred and adapt to their sentiments.
Newborn children and little children
Newborn children and little children don't get passing, yet they can detect what their guardian is encountering. Deal with yourself and perceive your own need to lament. Keep whatever number schedules as could reasonably be expected unblemished. Routine is a defensive power for youngsters in the midst of significant disturbances. Maintain a strategic distance from division and give extra physical consideration regarding solace your youngster and upgrade his suspicion that all is well and good.
Preschoolers
Preschoolers consider demise to be something impermanent. Their misguided judgment is strengthened via kid's shows where characters fly back to life minutes after blacksmith's irons drop on them from the sky. Since small kids are solid scholars, seeing things precisely as they show up and hearing things actually, it is significant that they are told about death in basic, clear language. Try not to utilize code words like, "She has rested," "… went to the incredible past," or "… died."
These expressions won't be comprehended and may even create fears of dozing or taking long excursions. Rather, little youngsters ought to be informed that their cherished one has kicked the bucket and "that implies we will not, at this point have the option to see her." Be set up for small kids to keep on asking where the perished is or when they are returning. Keep on giving clear messages, which can be mellowed with the information that recollections keep going forever. It is up to singular guardians, obviously, regardless of whether they will utilize strict clarifications.
For little youngsters, utilizing exclusively strict clarifications might be inadequate on the grounds that they need considerably more solid, explicit clarifications about the physical real factors of death.
Since small kids can't generally vocalize their emotions, their contemplations and fears regularly will come out at surprising occasions, as in their play. Recall that play can be the language of youth, so stay caution to what children might be attempting to let you know through their play.
School-matured youngsters
School-matured youngsters start to comprehend demise as a last occasion however may not comprehend that it is all inclusive. Give your youngster straightforward and fair clarifications about what occurred and afterward ask him what he gets it. Set aside effort to clear up any mistaken assumptions or misinterpretations. Small kids may require your help to discover the words to communicate their feelings and discover approaches to assist them with feeling much improved. Give kids rehashed chances to discuss their sentiments. It is more essential to tune in than to state the ideal words.
School-matured kids additionally may not yet comprehend the causality of death. It is regular for them to embody demise (i.e., consider passing the "boogeyman" or an apparition). They may accept they are to be faulted and feel regretful for what occurred. Guarantee them that nothing they said or did (or didn't state or do) caused the passing and that nothing they do can bring the perished back.
Little youngsters may likewise stress that they will be disregarded, particularly by the passing of a huge grown-up. At the point when an auntie passes on, for instance, a small kid may ask her mom, "Mom, when are you going to kick the bucket?" Don't be astounded if your youngster gets cuddlier, progressively vigilant, and increasingly possessive of your time.
Remind your kid that not every person who becomes ill beyond words.
Console him of your wellbeing.
Tell him what number of individuals throughout his life care for him.
Bolster youngsters to get things done to lessen their nervousness and be delicate that they might not have any desire to talk or consider the expired in light of the fact that it is excessively difficult.
Deal with yourself and ensure you have support.
Your youngster is watching you intently. At the point when he sees that you are OK, he turns out to be progressively agreeable. This is one more situation in which guardians deal with their youngsters via thinking about themselves.
Teenagers
Young people comprehend passing on a similar level as grown-ups, however they might be impervious to communicating any feelings about it. Since teenagers are beginning to think conceptually, they may battle to discover significance in death and might be considering bigger inquiries concerning the reason forever. Subsequently, teenagers may participate in unsafe exercises or experience coerce over being alive or displeasure regarding their absence of command over life and passing. Be tolerant, however keep up exclusive standards for conduct. Whatever your high schooler is encountering, the best thing you can do is to empower the outflow of misery in sound manners.
Give your adolescent a few chances to talk and bolster him in finding solid approaches to communicate his emotions:
At times exercise can help lessen pressure.
Tuning in to quieting music or cleaning up can be unwinding.
Writing in a diary, drawing, or other imaginative outlets can support kids and youngsters express their feelings.
Conversing with a companion or relative may give comfort.
Model your own solid adapting procedures and show your youngster how connecting for help is a demonstration of solidarity.
Basic Responses to Death at Different Ages
Guardians ought to know about typical reactions to death just as signs when a youngster may require proficient assistance. It is normal for all youngsters to feel a wide scope of feelings in light of the passing of a friend or family member, including stun, misery, tension, or outrage. How they express these sentiments relies upon their age and advancement.
Small kids
Some little youngsters may return to juvenile practices (infant talk or thumb sucking) or become tenacious or bad tempered. Others may carry on with furious upheavals. Recollect that these adjustments in conduct are likely signs of unexpressed feelings like disarray or disappointment.
School-matured youngsters
Basic responses to death in school-matured kids may incorporate trouble amassing in school, issues dozing, and repetitive musings about the demise. School-matured youngsters may report physical responses like stomachaches and cerebral pains, which can be activated by being in places that help them to remember the individual who kicked the bucket.
Youngsters
Youngsters will probably feel a wide scope of feelings encompassing the demise, including misery, outrage, blame, and defenselessness. Accordingly, a few adolescents may pull back, while different teenagers may take part in hazardous exercises (eg, self-injury, medication or liquor use). Perceive that these activities are your youngster's endeavor to recover control and adapt to his feelings.
Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression)
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Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression) |
Sadness is a natural part of the human experience. People may feel sad or depressed when a loved one passes away or when they’re going through a life challenge, such as a divorce or serious illness. However, these feelings are normally short-lived. When someone experiences persistent and intense feelings of sadness for extended periods of time, then they may have major depressive disorder (MDD).
- You feel sad or irritable most of the day, nearly every day.
- You are less interested in most activities you once enjoyed.
- You suddenly lose or gain weight or have a change in appetite.
- You have trouble falling asleep or want to sleep more than usual.
- You experience feelings of restlessness.
- You feel unusually tired and have a lack of energy.
- You feel worthless or guilty, often about things that wouldn’t normally make you feel that way.
- You have difficulty concentrating, thinking, or making decisions.
- You think about harming yourself or committing suicide.
- alcohol or drug abuse
- certain medical conditions, such as cancer or hypothyroidism
- particular types of medications, including steroids
Medication
Psychotherapy
- adjust to a crisis or other stressful event
- replace negative beliefs and behaviors with positive, healthy ones
- improve your communication skills
- find better ways to cope with challenges and solve problems
- increase your self-esteem
- regain a sense of satisfaction and control in your life
Lifestyle changes
Where is DNA found? | What does DNA do? | What is DNA made of?
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Where is DNA found?
During DNA replication, DNA unwinds so it can be copied. At other times in the cell cycle, DNA also unwinds so that its instructions can be used to make proteins and for other biological processes. But during cell division, DNA is in its compact chromosome form to enable transfer to new cells.
Researchers refer to DNA found in the cell's nucleus as nuclear DNA. An organism's complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome.
Besides the DNA located in the nucleus, humans and other complex organisms also have a small amount of DNA in cell structures known as mitochondria. Mitochondria generate the energy the cell needs to function properly.
In sexual reproduction, organisms inherit half of their nuclear DNA from the male parent and half from the female parent. However, organisms inherit all of their mitochondrial DNA from the female parent. This occurs because only egg cells, and not sperm cells, keep their mitochondria during fertilization.
What is DNA made of?
The four types of nitrogen bases found in nucleotides are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order, or sequence, of these bases determines what biological instructions are contained in a strand of DNA. For example, the sequence ATCGTT might instruct for blue eyes, while ATCGCT might instruct for brown.
The complete DNA instruction book, or genome, for a human contains about 3 billion bases and about 20,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What does DNA do?
Each DNA sequence that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a gene. The size of a gene may vary greatly, ranging from about 1,000 bases to 1 million bases in humans. Genes only make up about 1 percent of the DNA sequence. DNA sequences outside this 1 percent are involved in regulating when, how and how much of a protein is made.
How are DNA sequences used to make proteins?
Next, the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the "language" of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This language tells the cell's protein-making machinery the precise order in which to link the amino acids to produce a specific protein. This is a major task because there are 20 types of amino acids, which can be placed in many different orders to form a wide variety of proteins.
Who discovered DNA?
For many years, scientists debated which molecule carried life's biological instructions. Most thought that DNA was too simple a molecule to play such a critical role. Instead, they argued that proteins were more likely to carry out this vital function because of their greater complexity and wider variety of forms.
The importance of DNA became clear in 1953 thanks to the work of James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. By studying X-ray diffraction patterns and building models, the scientists figured out the double helix structure of DNA - a structure that enables it to carry biological information from one generation to the next.
What is the DNA double helix?
Scientist use the term "double helix" to describe DNA's winding,
two-stranded chemical structure. This shape - which looks much like a
twisted ladder - gives DNA the power to pass along biological instructions
with great precision.
To understand DNA's double helix from a chemical standpoint, picture the
sides of the ladder as strands of alternating sugar and phosphate groups -
strands that run in opposite directions. Each "rung" of the ladder is made
up of two nitrogen bases, paired together by hydrogen bonds. Because of the
highly specific nature of this type of chemical pairing, base A always pairs
with base T, and likewise C with G. So, if you know the sequence of the
bases on one strand of a DNA double helix, it is a simple matter to figure
out the sequence of bases on the other strand.
DNA's unique structure enables the
molecule to copy itself during cell division. When a cell prepares to
divide, the DNA helix splits down the middle and becomes two single strands.
These single strands serve as templates for building two new,
double-stranded DNA molecules - each a replica of the original DNA molecule.
In this process, an A base is added wherever there is a T, a C where there
is a G, and so on until all of the bases once again have partners.
In addition, when proteins are being made, the double helix unwinds to allow a single strand of DNA to serve as a template. This template strand is then transcribed into mRNA, which is a molecule that conveys vital instructions to the cell's protein-making machinery.
How to Become an Event Planner
You’ve come to the right place.
We’ve seen a lot of organizations’ events over the years, and there are ten steps we’ve identified as key to a successful event.
While we can't identify all of the details you’ll need to think about, since much of it will depend on the type of event you are holding, we can suggest some best practices that are important to follow for any event.
We've also put together an easy-to-use checklist so nothing falls through the cracks. To identify the timeline, start by working backwards from your event date. And if you're planning a virtual event rather than a traditional in-person one, we have a downloadable Virtual Event Checklist, as well!
We hope the following provides a starting point for your event planning – and without further ado, here are the ten steps!
1. Develop Your Event Goal and Objectives
The very first step in planning your event is to establish a tangible goal and objectives.
First, start by asking yourself: Why are you organizing this event, and what do you hope to achieve?
If you know your organization’s key goals before planning, you can ensure that every part of your event is optimized for success.
Are you trying to raise awareness for a cause, or collect a predetermined amount of donations for your next project? Are you hoping to attract 50 guests, or 500?
Setting a goal with quantifiable metrics of success will make it easier for your team to ensure that you reach them.
2. Organize Your Team
Any event takes a concerted team effort to handle all the details. Consider identifying one key Event Manager or Event Chair as well as individual Chairpersons for subcommittees, such as:
- venue management;
- speakers;
- entertainment;
- publicity;
- sponsors;
- and volunteer management.
Assigning individual roles to team members creates a system of accountability, as well as preventing tasks from falling to the wayside. Plus, it’ll allow you to delegate – but don’t forget to account for committee meetings in your event plan timing!
3. Establish Your Budget
Establishing your event’s budget is one of the most important parts of planning an event. I’ve seen many great ideas fall by the wayside because the team who originally came up with it forgot to take their budget into consideration before beginning to plan.
Some of the critical expenses you need to include in your budget are:- Venue: This cost should encompass the rental as well as any insurance you need to purchase.
- Food and Drink: This field is pretty self-explanatory. However, remember that the amount you can afford here might also dictate the number of tickets you’re able to sell.
- Entertainment: This field can be customized however you need it to be — whether it’s allocated for speakers, a DJ, or even a talking pig, make sure you have wiggle room for travel and accommodation costs as well as any compensation.
- Décor: Will you be going with a DIY mason-jar theme, or one that’s a little fancier? Establishing the costs upfront will help you determine which one you can afford.
- Staff: This category might often be forgotten, but it’s key to account for the transportation and lodging costs of your staff, especially if you’re headed out of town. Even budgeting staff time (what would they be spending time on if they weren’t working on this event?) can help you decide whether that extra meeting is worth it.
- Marketing: Whether you decide to promote your event through Facebook or go old-school by putting flyers up all over town,
- Software: If you’re not already paying for any kind of event management software, consider incorporating it into your event planning.
- A/V: From projectors to wi-fi to speakers, this category encompasses a wide variety of costs.
- Miscellaneous: Even the best-planned event will have some additional costs come up. Accounting for them in your budget will ensure you’re not caught unawares.
Even if some of these items aren’t fixed costs yet – for example, if you haven’t yet picked a venue – it's important to keep the maximum that you can afford to spend in mind before making those decisions.
4. Set the Date
The date might already be pre-set for a recurring event, but if this is a new event, be sure to consider the following before firming up your date:
- Give yourself enough time! Ideally, you should have 4-6 months to plan, if not more (depending on the nature of your event)
- Be aware of statutory and religious holidays
- Avoid school holiday time periods (winter, spring and summer holidays)
- Check dates with key participants – speakers, presenters, VIP guests, etc.
Once you’ve set the date (and have already outlined your budget), you can start booking any external staff (such as caterers) you need right away.
5. Create an Event Master Plan
Once you have a good idea of all the costs and the timeline associated with your event, it’s time to start the real plan! Creating your event master plan will allow you to ensure every aspect remains on track, as well as making it easier to coordinate with volunteers and event committee members.
Your event master plan should encompass all aspects of the event, including:
- Venue, logistics, & catering management (contracts, permits, insurance, etc.)
- Speakers and presenters (identifying, confirming, logistics & management)
- Activities and entertainment
- Publicity and promotion (online & off-line, such as web page & online promotion; events calendars; printed programs; media relations; signage; social media, etc.)
- Registration (online sign-up, payment and tracking; on-site sign-in, etc.)
- Sponsor and partner management
- Volunteer management and responsibilities
While planning your event, consider also creating a detailed timeline, so that everything moves smoothly. Include when any permits or insurance policies need to be submitted, when registration ends, and a detailed timeline of the day-of.
Although it might be tempting to say, “It’s all in my head! I”ll be fine!” and not be concerned about writing it all down, beware: this kind of mentality will make it much more difficult for you to assign accountability. It’ll also make it more difficult to remember what you did for the next event – so do your future self a favour and keep everything written down.
Finally, if you or your organization has run previous events of a similar type, reviewing any documentation that exists at this stage can help you ensure you’re not missing anything.
6. Book Your Venue
Once you have the date nailed down, it’s key to book your venue as soon as possible. Your event has to have a date and location nailed down before you can begin advertising, so this task needs to be completed as early in the planning period as possible.
(Note that some flexibility around the date might also help you out at this stage and open up a wider variety of venues.)
Some things to consider when picking a venue for your event are:
- Accessibility. Does the venue have accessible entrances and elevators? Are there all-gender washrooms? Will you have space for interpreters? This and many other factors go into choosing a space that all participants will feel comfortable in.
- Size. An event for 50 people will need a very different space than one for 500. Additionally, consider whether or not you’ll need separate rooms for breakout sessions or the like.
- Parking. Is there a parking lot, or is it easy to access via public transit?
- Insurance. Will you need to purchase separate insurance? What are their liability rules?
- AV. If your event needs speakers and microphones, make sure it’s easy to set them up in the space that’s available. The same goes for wifi access (and cellphone connection!), or any other technological needs your event has.
- Costs. How much of a deposit is the venue asking for? Will there be additional costs? How much will you get back if you (heaven forbid) need to cancel?
7. Brand Your Event
If you want your event to stand out, you need to choose a timely and compelling theme that sets you apart from your competition. This means that you need to come up with a dynamic overall theme and you need to take great care with the actual name since it can be a key attention-getter, especially in online media.
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Brainstorm names: When you are brainstorming the event
name, think about:
- How is your event different from other events in your sector?
- What are you hoping to convey through this event?
- What are the main components of your event?
- Create a tagline: Once you’ve come up with a name, also try to craft a tagline – a short, memorable branding slogan that describes the event.
- Design a logo: The final step will be having a logo created to represent your event. A logo can be an effective branding tool – offering immediate recognition of your event in all your publicity and promo items (such as t-shirts, water bottles, bags, and more).
Once you have your name, tagline, and logo, use it in all your marketing collateral so that people who are unfamiliar with your organization will start recognizing your brand – and remember that the event is happening!
8. Identify and Establish Partnerships & Sponsors
Are there organizations that you could partner with or call on for sponsorships to defray the costs and increase potential participation? Plus, when you involve other people or groups in your event, they have a stake in helping spread the word and making the event a success -- the more the merrier, right?
You might want to consider:
- Seeking corporate sponsors to fund a portion of the event. This can range from national organizations that might want to sponsor a dinner, offer a door prize or a key silent auction item, to local businesses that might be able to provide goods or services, such as flowers for the tables, gift bag items, etc.
- Partnering with community organizations who might be able to offer a venue and/or assistance with organizing or staffing an event.
If you’re looking for businesses to sponsor your event, keep in mind that they’ll be more likely to do so if they can see the clear benefit to them. If you’ve had sponsors in the past who are willing to speak up on your behalf, so much the better – but if not, be prepared to craft a compelling case for support when you initially reach out.
9. Create a Publicity Plan
Even with the most amazing speaker or entertainment line-up, you need publicity to get people in the door. Event promotion starts with the initial notice or page on your website, note in your newsletter or email to save the date, and then builds to include online and off-line publicity, media relations and on-going outreach to encourage registration.
Some components you might want to include in your plan are:
- Web page announcement
- Social media
- Email blasts
- Press and media connections
- Printed materials
Finally, no promotional plan is complete without the post-event thank-you’s, sponsor acknowledgements and articles about the event’s key messages or fundraising success.
10. Determine Day-Of Processes
Once you’ve prepared everything going on around the event, keeping track of the order of the event itself and planning out your program is the next step.
To ensure you’re prepared for anything, prepare an agenda that will walk you through the whole day from setup to cleanup. Including every detail, no matter how small, will help you feel like you have it all under control!
Here’s a quick example of what something like this might look like:
5:00: Drop off silent auction items at the venue (Diana)
6:15: AV setup (Terry, Diana)
7:00: Have quick volunteer coordination meeting (Terry + volunteers)
7:30: Attendees begin arriving
8:00: Hors d’oeuvres served
8:30: Speaker 1 takes the stage
8:45: Break
9:00: Speaker 2 takes the stage
10:00: Awards presented (Diana)
10:30: Mingling, silent auction bidding finishes
11:00: Start clearing tables
11:30: Bar closes
12:00 Event ends; all guests must leave
Identifying just who needs to do what can also ensure that there’s clear accountability leading up to the event.
And as a bonus, you can also use a simplified version of this in any branding materials as your public-facing agenda.
This Software Makes Running (and Filling) Events a Snap!
If you're sick of processing event registrations and payments by hand, there's a software that can completely automate the process for you online. It's called Membership Management Software and here's what it can do:
- Allow easy creation of online registration forms
- Put a calendar of events on your website
- Automatically update your website with upcoming events
- Deposit event payments directly into your account
- Send automatic invoices and event reminders
- Dump event attendee data directly into your contact database
- and more
Not only does Membership Management Software take care of all event logistics, it also makes running any sort of membership organization easier, because it automates a number of other administrative tasks such as managing your contacts, website, finances, and email communication.